Broomall Park: Marple’s First Suburban Subdivision

Posted On October 11, 2025

By Sam Pickard

When one thinks of suburban development in Marple Township, the 1950s split-levels of Lawrence Park or the “flattops” of Rose Tree Woods may come to mind. In many ways, those developments are what cemented the township’s suburban identity. Predating these homes by nearly a half century, however, were smaller, speculative subdivisions which sought to take advantage of the electric trolley which ran from Upper Darby to West Chester. The first of these subdivisions was a 20-acre tract on the north side of West Chester Pike called Broomall Park.

Streetcars and Suburban Speculation

The rise of the electric trolley in the late 19^th century led in turn to the growth of the communities which they served and the development of new neighborhoods along their routes.[1] In many places, trolley company owners bought up land along their routes; subdividing and selling it as residential building lots. The trolleys provided an easy commute to employment centers and surplus electricity could be sold to the new homeowners.[2] While some developers constructed houses for prospective buyers, in many instances real estate speculators would buy a tract along a trolley line far out from a nearby city or town and hold it until land values were high enough for them to sell at a profit. Tracts would be subdivided, dirt streets opened, and lots sold off to either those who intended to build their own house on the land or to yet others who sought to make a profit through real estate speculation.[3]

New lot owners might contract the construction of a house to a builder, or try to build one themselves. While surveys of these owner-builders often showed that they were generally satisfied with the situation, a common critique was that these subdivisions were too far from jobs and cultural activities.[4] Dolores Hayden captured some of the downsides of this early (and perhaps modern) suburban development in the introduction to her 2003 book, Building Suburbia: Green Fields and Urban Growth, 1820–2000.

“Once a suburban area is established, growth promoters usually seek greater and greater levels of density. The residents’ hope of unspoiled nature fails because open land vanishes with increased development. Their hope of community is betrayed when tracts of houses, hyped as ideal “communities,” lack social and economic centers, parks, schools, and necessary infrastructure.”[5]

Along much of West Chester Pike, subdivisions did not immediately follow the trolley after it began operations in 1895. Around Llanerch, where the Philadelphia & West Chester Traction Company had its carbarn and the Pennsylvania Railroad’s Newtown Square Branch crossed the pike, architects Frank A. Hays and R. G. Kennedy promoted their Llanerch development in the months before trolley service began. Initial building was slow, however, and it was not until the first decade of the 20^th century that Llanerch—supplemented by a tract of twin houses across Darby Road developed by trolley owner John Shimer—that Llanerch really began to coalesce.[6]

That first decade of the 1900s saw subdivisions sprout like mushrooms along West Chester Pike. Some, such as Wood, Harmon & Co.’s Observatory Hill (1903) and Highland Park (1904) in Upper Darby, consisted of 500 to 1,000 building lots ranging in price from $90 to $440. Amenities such as concrete sidewalks and free trolley fare for a year were covered by the developers, who had staff waiting at Philadelphia’s Broad Street Station to escort potential customers to the site on the train.[7] Other subdivisions, such as Florida Park (1904) in Newtown Square, were more modest in scale and in the size of homes initially built. In Florida Park, $200 to $375 could buy a block of 10 lots, which was advertised as “ALMOST A FARM,” and streets were not paved until the 1920s.[8] There were of course yet more developments, such as Llanerch Park and Eagle Park in Haverford, which failed to progress beyond the planning stage.[9]

Marple Township

Land subdivisions along the trolley line in Marple Township do not appear to have begun until November 1905, when real estate agent Alexander Wilson Jr. had the Harris Engineering Company plat 11 building lots on a triangular piece of land bounded by West Chester Pike, Church Lane, and Sproul Road. While Wilson would formally acquire the land (known as the Morgan Plat, after the family he purchased it from) in December 1905, he sold the entirety of the property without any development in July 1906.[10] The township’s first actual subdivision would arise on a 30-acre farm across Sproul Road from the Morgan Plat.

The 30-acre farm on the north side of West Chester Pike in Broomall had been owned by various members of the Milner family since 1869, but in October 1905 the heirs of Isaac Milner did not live in Marple Township—they made their homes in Chester County and even Kansas. That month, they sold the property, with its stone farm house and barn, to Augustine F. Garcia of Philadelphia for $10,000.[11] Garcia, who was listed as a salesman and clerk, respectively, in the 1905 and 1906 Philadelphia city directories, was almost certainly functioning as a real estate broker, the occupation he was listed with in the 1910 census.[12] Garcia sold two tracts carved out of the farm—including a one-acre parcel containing the farm house and barn—to Alexander Wahle in December 1905 and formally conveyed the remaining 20-acres to the Hamilton Trust Company on May 4, 1906.[13]

Though the Hamilton Trust Company held the formal deed to the property, it essentially served as a holding company for West Philadelphia real estate firm Kershaw & Robins. The firm consisted of Isaac Kershaw and Washington L. Robins,[14] and had sold and rented both singular properties in the city and suburbs, as well as larger tracts of homes in West Philadelphia, but this appears to be their first experience with a suburban subdivision.[15]

The Sales Pitch

As early as March 11, 1906, Kershaw & Robins had placed classified ads in the Philadelphia Inquirer, offering 50-by-200-foot “West Chester Pike Lots” for “$2.00 down and 50 cents a week.” While these lots were classified as “Suburban Property,” and the ad noted that Kershaw & Robins had “several lots like the above,” no further information was given.[16] Similar advertisements were run weekly until late April.

In the Sunday newspapers of April 22, 1906, however, two-column advertisements proclaimed “This is Opening Day,” for a subdivision known as Broomall Park. In the Philadelphia Inquirer, the advertisement showed a rectangular lot, 50-by-200-feet, and told potential buyers that it was theirs for $2.00 down with a $1 weekly payment. Surrounding the illustration were the words “Stable,” “Chicken House,” “Garden,” and “Fruit Trees,” tempting readers with the images of a bucolic existence in the suburbs. For those concerned about amenities, the ad stated that nearby improvements included “Schools, Churches, Springfield Water, Post Office, Store, Telephone, [and] Shade Trees.” (It should be noted that it would be more accurate to say that there was a single small school and a small Presbyterian church nearby.) While lots were priced from $90 to $275, the ad informed budget-conscious buyers that there were no taxes, no interest on loans, and that carfare would be refunded to all adults. Additionally, if a buyer were to die before paying off the lot, their next of kin would not be saddled with the debt—the remainder of the principal would be forgiven.[17]

A similar advertisement ran in the Philadelphia Record, though notably, a different set of economic incentives were highlighted. Instead of no taxes, no interest, and forgiveness of debt in case of death, the ad in the Record simply stated that “First Come Get the Best Lots,” and promised “$5000 in Gold to the First Builders.”[18]

The next Sunday, an ad in the Record proclaimed that “This Is Your Opportunity, Be Quick and Grasp It,” and informed readers that one-sixth of the lots (now sized at 25-by-175-feet) had been sold the previous Sunday. The investment opportunity was almost too good to be true: “These lots will double in value while you sleep.”[19] In the Inquirer, an advertisement masquerading as an article provided a romantic (if largely inaccurate) history of Broomall, which allegedly “abound[ed] with relics and memories of the Revolution,” and which “the capitalists [ie. investors] of today [were] only beginning to realize the natural and picturesque beauty of this park in Delaware county [sic], Pa.”[20]

After yet another week, it was said that a third of the lots (now advertised at 25- and 50-by-150-feet) were sold on Sunday, April 29^th, and a three-column advertisement in the Inquirer showed a photograph of West Chester Pike looking west from Sproul Road—deceptively labeled as “Main Street of Broomall Park.”[21]

Over the next month, advertisements were similar; highlighting supposed amenities and the ease of commuting, but also increasingly emphasizing the value of the Broomall Park lots as an investment. “Twice the ground for half the money,” proclaimed several ads, while others claimed that the $2 down “will start you a fortune,” or that “First buyers will resell their lots at double their money.”[22] Half the lots were reportedly sold by the end of May and supposedly more than 25 houses had already been built.[23] Lot prices in advertisements kept going up, with 25-by-150-foot lots finally selling for $125 by early June.[24] Then, suddenly, the advertisements stopped.

Broomall Park: Marple’s First Subdivision

One might be forgiven for assuming that a majority of the lots in Broomall Park had been sold when the last advertisement ran on June 3, 1906. The reality appears to have been far different. The first two sales in Broomall Park had deeds executed on May 17, 1906. Amanda G. Hayden of Bryn Mawr had purchased four lots (lots 169–172) on the southwest side of Cynwyd Avenue for $650, and Horace G. and Evangeline T. Brooke of Broomall spent $1200 on four lots (lots 30–33) fronting on Sproul Road and two (lots 34 and 35) on Summit Avenue.[25] In the year following these sales, only 12.5 more lots were sold to six individuals, including Broomall storekeepers Harry R. and Edgar D. Bonsall, who purchased two lots and portions of three others adjoining their store property at the corner of West Chester Pike and Sproul Road.[26]

What happened? Why is there such a discrepancy? One possibility is that the deeds weren’t immediately recorded, though one would expect that they eventually would be. This doesn’t seem to be the case, especially since at least 48 of the 178 lots remained unsold in 1923.[27] It is also possible that Hamilton Trust Company did not formally execute the deeds until the sale price of the lot was paid off, though at $2 down and $1 a week, most of these individual lots would have been paid off within two or three years. Another possibility (and the most likely, in my opinion) is simply Kershaw & Robins were not quite honest with their advertisements. Perhaps people were in fact interested but the sales fell through, though this would be a staggering number and doesn’t account for the deceptive claims about Broomall Park’s amenities.

In the first five years from “Opening Day,” on April 22, 1906, 60 lots (of 178 total) were sold to 30 individuals.[28] As a speculative investment for Kershaw & Robins, Broomall Park was not a resounding success.

For those who did purchase property, what did it entail? Around half the sales were for multiple (usually adjacent) lots. While modern Euclidian zoning did not exist, each deed featured a number of restrictive covenants designed to protect property values. Houses built on lots must cost a minimum of $1,500 and be set back at least 28 feet from the roadway. No slaughterhouses, piggeries, or commercial stables were to be built (and private stables must be in the rear, at least seven feet from the property line). “Offensive,” dangerous or “noxious” uses—including the manufacture or sale of liquor, manufacture of gunpowder, glue, varnish, ink, tanned hides, or leather—were expressly prohibited as well. At the end of the long list of restrictions was a final restriction that was all too common in suburban communities during the early 20^th century: prohibiting the sale of lease of the premises or buildings “to Italians or colored people, meaning thereby negroes.”[29] Racially or ethnically restrictive covenants such as these were finally determined to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1948 under their Shelley v. Kraemer decision.[30]

So, considering the meager sales and these restrictions, what was actually built in Broomall Park? At least initially, not much. A 1909 atlas shows three frame houses in the subdivision, located at 9 Broomall Avenue (built by William B. Leech on parts of Lots 8-9), and two now-demolished houses at 36 North Sproul Road (built by William F. Waters on Lots 24-26) and 2611 Summit Avenue (built by Abram Hartenstine on Lots 36-37). By 1912, the two-and-a-half-story twin house at 2609-2611 Cynwyd Avenue had also been built.[31] A newspaper article in the West Chester Daily Local News reported in December of that year that “Several new houses are going up at Broomall Park, which promises to grow and become a pretty suburban place, like many others along the [trolley] line. Ground was broken last week for a new dwelling.”[32]

In 1912, Kershaw again attempted to sell more of the lots in the subdivision. At 2:30 p.m. on September 2, he held an auction of 81 lots at Broomall Park “to close out the few remaining lots in this large development.”[33] Despite offering a five percent cash discount, only nine lots were sold to four individuals over the remainder of 1912.[34] Kershaw then attempted another tactic: building houses.

Perhaps influenced by Charles W. Russell, who had begun selling “hobby farms” in his Marple Heights subdivision several years before,[35] Kershaw ran an advertisement in May 1913 entitled “Bungalow, Garden and Chickens,” offering a six-room house with electricity, plumbing, and “hardwood throughout” for $2,800 at Broomall Park.[36] No record of sale for involving Kershaw was located, so it is possible that he was merely acting as a real estate agent for a home owner in Broomall Park.

In August 1913, he purchased four pairs of lots along Summit Avenue (Lots 40-41, 44-45, 52-53, and 104-105), and built four bungalows designed by C. E. Schemerhorn.[37] Three of these, the ones at 2615, 2617, and 2629 Summit Avenue are similar in form, while the one at 2616 Summit is of a different design. Kershaw sold the first of these (2617 Summit Avenue) to Reida Edwards in October 1913, and a second to Ralph G. Brown (2629 Summit Avenue) in May 1914.[38] Unfortunately, the two remaining houses did not sell until June 1917 and January 1919, respectively.[39]

The 1920s and Beyond

The 1920 census appears to enumerate 12 households in Broomall Park, eight of which owned their home, including the aforementioned Abram Hartenstine and Ralph Brown, as well as Donald F. Hopkins and Charles M. Clarke, who now owned the other houses Kershaw had built.[40]

The early 1920s were a different world than 1906. After a brief recession, the economy was booming, car ownership was rapidly expanding,[41] and after World War I, the nation was striving to return to “normalcy” as President Warren G. Harding had confidently declared. New housing subdivisions were rising in Marple as well. Broomall Park had been followed in 1909 by Charles W. Russell’s Marple Heights (renamed Larchmont Farms in 1914) and Broomall Grove, caddy-corner across West Chester Pike and Sproul Road.[42] Kershaw, partnered since 1915 with W. Sherwood Crowl, had not sat idle.[43] He had acquired the former Morgan Plat in 1911 and in 1913 conveyed it to Augustine F. Garcia for future subdivision.[44] By 1921, Kershaw and Crowl were building houses on the tract for sale.[45]

At least 48 lots remained unsold in Broomall Park as late as 1923, but the subdivision was filling with houses.[46] An aerial photograph taken in late 1925 shows 29 houses in Broomall Park, including the foundation and basement of the house George Mullin was building at 2632 Summit Avenue.[47] A real estate atlas published just four years later depicted 38 houses. The same atlas showed nine other subdivisions in Marple in varying states of development. One developer had even planned to purchase lots in Broomall Park to serve as outlet streets for his planned adjoining development.[48] Larger tracts were acquired by developers like Vincenzo Di Francesco for further residential development.[49] Yet, with the stock market crash in October 1929, plans were shelved and Marple would have to wait for the true arrival of suburbia.

Today, Broomall Park consists of three, peaceful, tree-lined streets hidden from view just off of bustling West Chester Pike. In recent years, many bungalows have had second stories added, or even been demolished and replaced by larger houses. While overall, there is nothing particularly physically remarkable about this neighborhood, it can claim its place as Marple Township’s first real foray into modern suburbia; baby step toward the giant leaps of the post-World War II world.

Author’s Note: I began looking into Broomall Park in 2021 and then started research in earnest in July 2022. I felt that I needed to add context to the beginning of development with the coming of the railroad and the trolley, so those posts needed to come before this. There was and still is a lot to research with Broomall Park, which further delayed this post. Luckily, I finally decided to listen to the advice one of my late professors at La Salle once gave me and just start to write. I’d like to revisit Broomall Park at some point, but there are other subjects from this era of Marple history that I plan to cover first. As always, thank you for reading.

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[1] Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 119.

[2] Dolores Hayden, Building Suburbia: Green Fields and Urban Growth, 1820–2000 (New York: Vintage Books, 2004), 93.

[3] Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier, 133–134.

[4] Hayden, Building Suburbia, 91, 111–115.

[5] Hayden, Building Suburbia, 9.

[6] Ellis Kiser, Otto Barthel, and St. J. Ogier, Atlas of Properties on Line of Pennsylvania R. R. from Rosement to Westchester (Philadelphia: A. H. Mueller & Co., 1897), plate 2; E. V. Smith, compiler, Atlas of Properties Along the Pennsylvania R. R., Embracing 1 to 4 Miles each side of the road and from Overbrook to Malvern Sta. (Philadelphia: J. L. Smith, 1900), plate 4; Ellis Kiser, Atlas of Properties on Main Line Pennsylvania Railroad from Overbrook to Paoli (Philadelphia: A. H. Mueller, 1908), plate 1; Frank A. Hays and R. G. Kennedy, “Llanerch,” classified advertisement, Times (Philadelphia), 15 April 1895, 5; “The Latest News in Real Estate,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 20 April 1895, 9.

[7] Wood, Harmon & Co., “Free Excursion, Observatory Hill, Sunday at 2 P.M.,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 15 May 1903, 4; Wood, Harmon & Co., “Free Excursion To-Day at 2,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 17 May 1903, 1^st section, 6; Wood, Harmon & Co., “100 Free Trips to the St. Louis Fair,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 11 June 1904, 4; Wood, Harmon & Co., “We Have Been Overwhelmed With Purchasers at Highland Park,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 16 June 1904, 4.

[8] Florida Park Co., “Florida Park A Chance to Become Wealthy,” classified advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 22 May 1904, 2^nd section, 7; Florida Park Co., “A Chance to Become Wealthy at Florida Park,” classified advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 29 May 1904, 2^nd section, 7; Eve Thompson, “8.A. A Treatise on Florida Park,” in Historic Newtown Township (Newtown Square, Delaware County, PA.), 1681–1983, eds. Alice Lindborg and Carl Lindborg (Newtown Square, Pennsylvania: Newtown Township Tricentennial Commission, 1984), 215.

[9] Kiser, Barthel, and Ogier, Atlas of Properties, plate 2; Ellis Kiser and J. M. Lathrop, Atlas of Delaware County, East of Ridley Creek (Philadelphia: A. H. Mueller, 1909), plate 2.

[10] Delaware County Deed Book S11:332; Delaware County Deed Book L12:300; “Latest News in Real Estate,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 3 May 1901, 11; “Delaware County Transfers,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 14 December 1905, 11; “Delaware County Transfers,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 27 July 1906, 7.

[11] Delaware County Deed Book P11:281.

[12] 1910 U.S. Census, Population [Schedule], Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 46th Ward, Enumeration District 1164, page 12A, line 22; James Gopsill’s Sons, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory, for 1905 (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1905), 926; James Gopsill’s Sons, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory for 1906 (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1906), 949.

[13] Delaware County Deed Book Z11:370; Delaware County Deed Book P11:281.

[14] “The Latest News in Real Estate,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 30 August 1902, 11.

[15] Kershaw & Robins, “A Home and an 18% Investment,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 December 1902: section 2, 4;  Kershaw & Robins, “We Have For Sale at Ardmore,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 4 January 1903: section 2, 4;  Kershaw & Robins, “200 Modern Homes $15 to $40 52d Street Section,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 8 March 1903: section 2, 9; Kershaw & Robbins [sic], “On Cross Town Trolley,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 23 August 1903: section 2, 6; Kershaw & Robins, “Central Corner Property, Not Far From the Bellevue-Stratford…,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 24 December 1904:13; Kershaw & Robbins [sic], “Vineland: Ten Acres, On Main Street,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 26 February 1905: section 2, 7.       

[16] Kershaw & Robins, “West Chester Pike Lots,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 11 March 1906:section 3, 4.

[17] Kershaw & Robins, “Broomall Park,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 22 April 1906:section 2, 8.

[18] Kershaw & Robins, “West Chester Pike Lots: Broomall Park,” advertisement, Philadelphia Record (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 22 April 1906, 29.

[19] Kershaw & Robins, “Broomall Park,” advertisement, Philadelphia Record, 29 April 1906, 29.

[20] “Modernizing a Quaint Town,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 29 April 1906, section 3, 1.

[21] Kershaw & Robins, “Broomall Park,” advertisement, Philadelphia Record, 6 May 1906, 28; Kershaw & Robins, “Broomall Park on West Chester Pike,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 6 May 1906, section 2, 7.

[22] Kershaw & Robins, “Broomall Park,” advertisement, Philadelphia Record, 9 May 1906, 12; Kershaw & Robins, “Broomall Park on West Chester Pike,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 13 May 1906, section 2, 13; Kershaw & Robins, “What $2.00 will do at Broomall Park on West Chester Pike,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 20 May 1906, section 2, 7; Kershaw & Robins, “What $2.00 will do at Broomall Park on West Chester Pike,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 27 May 1906, section 2, 7.

[23] Kershaw & Robins, “What $2.00 will do,” 20 May 1906; Kershaw & Robins, “West Chester Pike Lots Broomall Park,” advertisement, Philadelphia Record, 23 May 1906, 10.

[24] Kershaw & Robins, “The Road to Success leads to Broomall Park on West Chester Pike,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 3 June 1906, section 2, 7.

[25] Delaware County Deed Book X11:344, 346.

[26] Delaware County Deed Book X11:350, 360, 372, 374, 448, 450.

[27] Delaware County Deed Book 556:521; Delaware County Deed Book 571:448.

[28] Deeds recorded in Delaware County Deed Books X11 and G13.

[29] Delaware County Deed Book X11:344.

[30] Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1, 7 (1948).

[31] Delaware County Deed Book 340:28; John M. Lawson, “Broomall Park,” classified advertisement, Daily Local News (West Chester, Pennsylvania), 26 April 1912, 3.

[32] “Down the Trolley Line,” Daily Local News, 11 December 1912, 6.

[33] Isaac Kershaw, “Public Auction Sale of Choice Building Lots at Broomall Park, Pa.,” advertisement, Daily Local News, 28 August 1912, 3.

[34] Delaware County Deed Book G13:578, 580, 582, 584.

[35] Charles W. Russell, “Hobby Farms,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 30 May 1909, section 2, 7.

[36] Isaac Kershaw, “Bungalow, Garden and Chickens,” classified advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 25 May 1913, section 2, 9.

[37] Delaware County Deed Book 357:76; “Bungalows, (4),” Philadelphia Real Estate Record and Builder’s Guide 28, no. 33 (13 August 1913):528.

[38] Delaware County Deed Book 371:482; Delaware County Deed Book 372:568.

[39] Delaware County Deed Book 411:534; Delaware County Deed Book 452:260.

[40] 1920 U.S. Census, Population [Schedule], Pennsylvania, Delaware County, Marple Township, Enumeration District 176, pages 1A–1B, lines 7–58.

[41] In 1925, the West Chester Daily Local News ran an article about the construction of several garages in Broomall Park and noting that “Five years ago, only about one family in five in Broomall and vicinity owned a car. Now at least four families our of every five enjoy their own transportation, and several families have two or more cars.” (“Broomall Families Own Many Cars,” Daily Local News, 23 April 1925, 12.

[42] Charles Russell, “$10.00 Down. $2.00 Weekly. $400 an Acre,” classified advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 February 1909, section 2, 6; Charles W. Russell, “Not Miles Away,” classified advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 25 July 1909, section 2, 4; [Charles W. Russell], “The Brightest Spot on the Pike,” classified advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 19 April 1914, section 2, 9; Charles W. Russell, “Broomall Grove,” advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 14 September 1919, Classified Ads section, 12.

[43] “Located in New Office,” Oxford Press (Oxford, Pennsylvania), 29 April 1915, [1].

[44] Delaware County Deed Book 390:328; Delaware County Deed Book 367:66.

[45] Kershaw & Crowl, “Broomall,” classified advertisement, Philadelphia Inquirer, 5 June 1921, Classified Ads section, 9; “Activities of Day in Real Estate, Philadelphia Inquirer, 21 December 1921, 8; “Residence,” Builder’s Guide 36, no. 11 (16 March 1921):173.

[46] Delaware County Deed Book 556:521; Delaware County Deed Book 571:448.

[47] “Broomall Firemen Proud of Pump,” Daily Local News, 7 October 1925, 5; “Broomall Reviews Election Results,” Daily Local News, 5 November 1925, 7; Delaware County Deed Book 679:98; Victor Dallin, [aerial photograph of Broomall, Pennsylvania, 1925], Negative Number 1033, taken for H. E. James, Sebastian Family donation, Marple Historical Society.

[48] “Turkey Fair Pleases Broomall,” Daily Local News, 27 November 1925, 3; Frank H. M. Klinge, Atlas of Delaware County, volume one (Lansdale, Pennsylvania: Frank H. M. Klinge, 1929), plate 34.

[49] Klinge, Atlas of Delaware County, plate 34; “Activities of Day in Real Estate,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 26 June 1929, 13.